# List Methods¶

The dot operator can also be used to access built-in methods of list objects. append is a list method which adds the argument passed to it to the end of the list. Continuing with this example, we show several other list methods. Many of them are easy to understand.

There are two ways to use the pop method. The first, with no parameter, will remove and return the last item of the list. If you provide a parameter for the position, pop will remove and return the item at that position. Either way the list is changed.

The following table provides a summary of the list methods shown above. The column labeled result gives an explanation as to what the return value is as it relates to the new value of the list. The word mutator means that the list is changed by the method but nothing is returned (actually None is returned). A hybrid method is one that not only changes the list but also returns a value as its result. Finally, if the result is simply a return, then the list is unchanged by the method.

Be sure to experiment with these methods to gain a better understanding of what they do.

Method Parameters Result Description
append item mutator Adds a new item to the end of a list
insert position, item mutator Inserts a new item at the position given
pop none hybrid Removes and returns the last item
pop position hybrid Removes and returns the item at position
sort none mutator Modifies a list to be sorted
reverse none mutator Modifies a list to be in reverse order
index item return idx Returns the position of first occurrence of item
count item return ct Returns the number of occurrences of item
remove item mutator Removes the first occurrence of item

Details for these and others can be found in the Python Documentation.

It is important to remember that methods like append, sort, and reverse all return None. They change the list; they don’t produce a new list. So, while we did reassignment to increment a number, as in x = x + 1, doing the analogous thing with these operations will lose the entire list contents (see line 8 below).

rec-5-22: What is printed by the following statements?

alist = [4,2,8,6,5]
alist.append(True)
alist.append(False)
print alist

• (A) [4,2,8,6,5,False,True]
• True was added first, then False was added last.
• (B) [4,2,8,6,5,True,False]
• Yes, each item is added to the end of the list.
• (C) [True,False,4,2,8,6,5]
• append adds at the end, not the beginning.

rec-5-23: What is printed by the following statements?

alist = [4,2,8,6,5]
alist.insert(2,True)
alist.insert(0,False)
print alist

• (A) [False,4,2,True,8,6,5]
• Yes, first True was added at index 2, then False was added at index 0.
• (B) [4,False,True,2,8,6,5]
• insert will place items at the index position specified and move everything down to the right.
• (C) [False,2,True,6,5]
• insert does not remove anything or replace anything.

rec-5-24: What is printed by the following statements?

alist = [4,2,8,6,5]
temp = alist.pop(2)
temp = alist.pop()
print alist

• (A) [4,8,6]
• pop(2) removes the item at index 2, not the 2 itself.
• (B) [2,6,5]
• pop() removes the last item, not the first.
• (C) [4,2,6]
• Yes, first the 8 was removed, then the last item, which was 5.

rec-5-25: What is printed by the following statements?

alist = [4,2,8,6,5]
alist = alist.pop(0)
print alist

• (A) [2,8,6,5]
• alist is now the value that was returned from pop(0).
• (B) [4,2,8,6,5]
• pop(0) changes the list by removing the first item.
• (C) 4
• Yes, first the 4 was removed from the list, then returned and assigned to alist. The list is lost.
• (D) None
• pop(0) returns the first item in the list so alist has now been changed.
Next Section - Append versus Concatenate